The tabs above provide examples of commonly cited sources.
You can also refer to the APA Departmental guide here:
The APA also provides useful information on APA 7 referencing: apastyle.apa.org/
Please see important information on referencing and plagiarism in our Referencing & Plagiarism Awareness Guide.
This style uses an author-date format for the in-text citations and then the full source details are listed A-Z in the reference list.
If you are citing a direct quote, make sure to use "quotation marks" and to include the page number after the year: (Adams, 2019, p. 61).
If you are citing a book or article which has several authors, follow these rules:
2 authors: always cite them both (Polit & Beck, 2017)
3-20 authors: Cite the first authors’ last name followed by et al. (Perry et al., 2020)
See the following tabs for advice on creating the reference list.
Creating the reference list:
When referencing a book follow this order:
Reference list:
Smyth, T.R. (2004). The principles of writing in Psychology. Palgrave MacMillan.
When referencing an e-book follow this order:
Loschiavo, J. (2015). Fast Facts for the School Nurse: School Nursing in a Nutshell (2nd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1891/9780826128775
When referencing a book chapter follow this order:
Smyth, M. J., & Filipkowski, B.K. (2010). Coping with stress. In D. French, K. Vadhara, A.A. Kaptein, & J. Weinman (Eds.), Health Psychology (pp. 271-283). Blackwell Publishing.
When referencing an article follow this order:
Beaman, P.C., & Holt, J.N. (2007). Reverberant auditory environments: the effects of multiple echoes on distraction by 'irrelevant' speech. Applied Cognitive psychology, 21(8), 1077-1090. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1315
When referencing a webpage follow this order:
World Health Organisation. (2019). WHO updates global guidance on medicines and diagnostic tests to address health challenges, prioritise highly effective therapeutics, and improve affordable access. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/09-07-2019-who-updates-global-guidance-on-medicines-and-diagnostic-tests-to-address-health-challenges-prioritize-highly-effective-therapeutics-and-improve-affordable-access
A document on the web can include government reports or policy documents. They are referenced differently to a webpage:
Howe, C., Mercer, N. (2007). Children's social development, peer interaction and classroom learning. https://cprtrust.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/research-survey-2-1b.pdf
Use newspaper articles as a starting point for research. They are not considered academic sources. Use the following format:
Sisley, D. (2020, Feb 22). Can science cure a broken heart?. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2020/feb/22/can-science-cure-a-broken-heart
Social media posts, such as Twitter and Facebook, are not considered academic sources. Use them as a starting point and reference to your academic research. Use the following format:
Barack Obama. (2009, October 9). Humbled [Facebook update]. Retrieved May, 14, 2020, from http://www.facebook.com/posted.php?
id=6815841748&share_id=154954250775&comments=1#s154954250775
APA 7th Edition apastyle.apa.org/
EndNote is a bibliographic reference application for: